FAQs on Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)

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Algae is a simple, nonflowering, typically aquatic plant that can conduct photosynthesis. While algae is quite common, there are times when, under the right circumstances and excess nutrients are present, that it can become harmful. When colonies of these simple plants in our waters grow out of control, it can produce harmful effects on humans, fish, shellfish, mammals and birds. Read below for more detailed information and some answers to questions you might have. 

What are harmful algal blooms?

Algal blooms are caused by cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae which are microscopic organisms that occur naturally in fresh and salt surface. These organisms multiply or “ bloom “ when the water is warm and contains nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen form naturally occurring or man made sources.

Not all algal blooms are harmful. Some cyanobacteria can produce toxins (cyanotoxins) that can reach concentrations that are dangerous to people, animals marine life, and the environment. One significant risk is to livestock , young children and pets while engaging in water related activities when they come in contact, ingest or inhale toxins. These toxins can affect the liver, nervous system skin and other organs. Common symptoms after recreational exposure include vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, eye irritation, and respiratory distress.
 

What does a bloom look like?

Cyanobacterial blooms are usually blue-green in color but can also be red or brown depending on the type of cyanobacteria. When a bloom occurs a layer of matter may float on the water surface, and appear as foam or scum. Blooms typically occur during late summer or early fall, but can occur anytime during the year.

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How do I know If an algal bloom is producing toxins and what can I do to protect myself and my pets?

The only way to determine if cyanobacteria are producing toxins is test the water. The best way to protect ourselves and pets is not to engage in recreational activity in or around bodies of water that exhibit signs of a bloom. When in doubt stay out.

What should I do if I come in contact with algae or experience illness suspected from exposure to a HAB?

  • In case of skin contact, remove clothing and jewelry from affected area and wash thoroughly with soap and water.
  • In case of illness consult a physician or veterinarian immediately and explain the suspected exposure and symptoms. 

 

Who should I contact to report a potential bloom? 

For lakes and streams:    

For farm ponds and agricultural impacts:

 

Link to the Bloomwatch App for reporting Harmful Algal Blooms

Blooms can also be reported using the BLOOMWATCH APP. For more information and to download the app, please click on the image link. 

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