National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)—commonly called the Nation's Report Card—provides estimates of student achievement across subjects, using a sampling of students within a subset of schools, and reflects national achievement trajectories.
The 2022 NAEP administration is the first since the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted public education across the country. NAEP results show that the percent of 4th and 8th grade students meeting grade level expectations has dropped, with significant negative impacts on students of color, English learners and students with disabilities.
Even before the declines in student achievement reported in spring 2021 and confirmed four academic months later on 2022 NAEP, Tennessee passed strong learning loss interventions in a special legislative session in January 2021 and leveraged an historic influx of more than $4 billion in federal COVID-19 relief funding to return students to traditional learning environments as quickly as possible to ensure Tennessee students would have a strong springboard for recovery from the pandemic. The majority of Tennessee’s learning loss initiatives began implementation in January 2022 and are not reflected in these NAEP results. The 2022 NAEP results show that Tennessee 4th and 8th graders have continued to perform at the national average for math and reading, confirming previously established learning loss statewide, particularly for black students. Learn more here.
At this phase in the work to recover from the pandemic, the department is focused on continuing its approach to work with Tennessee districts, schools, teachers, community partners and families to plan for ensuring strong supports for high-quality implementation of reading and tutoring supports and innovative school models to boost student achievement, readiness and success.
Since 1969, the National Assessment of Educational Progress, also known as The Nation’s Report Card, has been the largest nationally representative and continuing assessment of what students in public and private schools in the United States know and are able to do in various subjects. In 2022, NCES administered the NAEP mathematics and reading assessments to 4th and 8th graders in public and private schools in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Department of Defense Education Activity schools, Puerto Rico (mathematics only), and in 26 urban districts. The assessments were administered between January and March of 2022. Results for states and districts are for public schools only. Approximately 224,400 4th graders from approximately 5,780 schools and 222,200 8th graders from approximately 5,190 schools participated in the 2022 mathematics and reading assessments. Representative samples of schools and students are drawn from each state, district, Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Department of Defense Education Activity schools.
Learn more about NAEP from the National Center for Education Statistics. Visit www.nationsreportcard.gov to view the report.
Frequently Asked Questions about NAEP
NAEP produces The Nation’s Report Card and is considered the gold standard for large-scale assessment. Since a representative sample of students from each state take NAEP, it allows Tennesseans to see how our students are performing compared to peers in other states.
NAEP assessments began in 1969 and are sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education. They are conducted periodically in reading, math, science, writing, U.S. history, civics, geography, and other subjects. Tennessee has participated since 1992.
NAEP results—especially on the math and reading assessments that are given every two years—are widely reported and are an important national indicator of state-level and national progress of education. NAEP gives us a good sense of the direction the nation is moving and provides valuable data with long-term trends.
The best preparation for NAEP is strong instruction every day. Even though NAEP is a national test and thus does not completely align with Tennessee State Standards, it tests cumulative knowledge of students up to a certain grade level. Teaching to the Tennessee Academic Standards will help us to hold high expectations for every child and to make sure we are on track for success.
NAEP has thousands of previous test questions posted on their site. Teachers can utilize practice test questions in their classrooms.
Only a small number of students from sample of public schools take NAEP. The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) administers NAEP and ensures that a representative set of students is assessed. NCES selects a sample of schools that reflect the varying demographics of each state. Within each selected school, students are chosen at random. Every student has the same chance of being chosen—regardless of race or ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disability, status as an English language learner, or any other factors. Schools that receive federal Title I funding are required by law to participate.
To ensure the validity of the results, states, districts, and schools are not allowed to pick the schools or students who are assessed.
The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) uses a systematic process to ensure the sample of public school students represents our state’s unique demographics. They first look at all of the public schools in a specific state; sort those schools based on location, racial and ethnic diversity, and student achievement. Then, they select a representative sample. Schools with large enrollments are more likely to be selected because their students represent a larger proportion of the state’s overall student population.
In each sampled school, a list is compiled of all students within the grade to be assessed. From this list, a sample of students is randomly selected by NCES. Every student in a sampled school has an equal chance of being selected. After the sample is drawn, students are assigned a single subject area in which to answer questions. NAEP staff members work with the school to verify the accuracy of student demographic information.
NAEP is not designed to show individual results. Since the first NAEP assessment in 1969, students’ names have been kept completely confidential. After students complete the assessment, their names are physically removed from the booklets and never leave their schools. Instead of reporting individual scores, NAEP reports overall results for the nation, the states, and for demographic groups of students.
NAEP has transitioned to a fully digital format. Students take NAEP on tablet computers provided by NAEP. There is no need to use school computers or internet access. A small number of students may take NAEP on paper.
NAEP is designed to be minimally disruptive for students, teachers, and schools. Students spend up to 90 minutes on most NAEP assessments. This includes setting up, taking the assessment (up to 60 minutes), and getting back to instructional activities. NAEP representatives work with the designated coordinator in each school to organize assessment activities.
NAEP is a big picture test. It gives us a good sense of the direction the nation is moving in education and provides critical long-term trending data.
Only a small number of students in Tennessee take NAEP, only within certain grades, and only in certain years. Because just a group of students take it and only some schools participate, it is not possible to see individual student performance or to know school-level or even district-level outcomes—both of which we can do with TCAP tests. NAEP only gives an overview of state achievement and performance among larger subgroups.
While NAEP is seen as one of the most rigorous assessments, it is a nationwide test, so it is not fully aligned with our state’s academic standards for what students should know by a specific year; therefore, performance on NAEP cannot necessarily be translated to how students will perform on state assessments. NAEP assessments also look at cumulative knowledge, not what students have learned in a specific course. For example, when fourth graders take the NAEP assessment in math, the test covers all the math knowledge that a fourth grader could have learned up to that point, not necessarily what they learned that year in class.
TCAP assessments, on the other hand, are aligned with the Tennessee Academic Standards. TCAP allows students to demonstrate what they learned over the course of the current year, based on our state’s expectations for what students need to know and be able to do for a particular subject and grade level. TCAP assessments show how individual students perform, as well as how students at a specific school are performing, which will help us know where to target additional support and where we can learn from what is going right. It helps us make sure every single student is on track to be successful when they leave school.
Together, NAEP and TCAP help us make sure our students are prepared to be successful on whatever path they choose to pursue in life—whether that be here in Tennessee or across the nation.
After each assessment, NAEP releases dozens of sample questions to the public—more than 3,000 questions are currently available. They can be found through the main NAEP website.
There is a wealth of additional information and answers at nationsreportcard.gov
Parents and educators can view Tennessee’s and the nation’s history on NAEP by going to the following website: https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/ndecore/xplore/NDE