Zoonotic Diseases
Zoonotic Diseases Overview | Animal-to-Human InfectionsAbout Zoonotic Diseases
Zoonotic diseases are illnesses that can be passed between animals and humans. These diseases can spread through direct contact with animals, exposure to animal environments, or contact with contaminated food, water, or surfaces.
Some zoonotic diseases are associated with recreational activities (such as hunting or camping) or occupational exposures (such as farming, veterinary work, or laboratory work). Certain zoonotic diseases may also be considered potential bioterrorism agents.
Important zoonotic diseases include:
- Rabies
- Anthrax
- Brucellosis
- Smallpox
- Tularemia
- Q fever
- Psittacosis
Bioterrorism and Zoonotic Diseases
A bioterrorism attack is the intentional release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs (also called agents) to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants.
These agents are often found naturally in the environment. However, they may be altered to increase their ability to spread disease, cause severe illness, or resist treatment.
Zoonotic Diseases of Public Health Importance
- Avian Influenza
- Brucellosis
- Cryptosporidiosis
- Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy; Mycobacterium leprae)
- Hantavirus
- Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)
- Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
Contact Information
For questions, reporting, or additional information about zoonotic diseases, please contact:
- Your local or regional health department
- CEDEP Main Phone Number: 1-615-741-7247 (toll free: 1-800-404-3006)
Related TDH Programs
Rabies Reporting Information
Rabies is a viral disease spread through the bite of a rabid animal. The vast majority of rabies cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) each year occur in wild animals such as bats, raccoons, skunks, foxes, and coyotes.
The rabies virus infects the central nervous system and can cause encephalitis and death if not treated promptly.
This tab provides a brief overview. Detailed rabies information, including data dashboards, treatment guidance, frequently asked questions, pet rabies tag numbers, and preliminary rabies data, is available on the Rabies Education & Prevention page.
Report an Animal Bite
Report bites from wild animals or domestic pets to:
- Your local health department, and
- Your local animal control office
Prompt reporting helps ensure appropriate follow-up and care.
Information to Have When Reporting
- Description of the animal
- How the bite occurred
- Pet owner contact information (if applicable)
- Rabies vaccination status and tag number (for pets)
- Location and status of the animal (for wildlife)
This Page Last Updated: March 26, 2026 at 3:40 PM